How do I format my paper in the Turabian style correctly?

The Turabian style is a system for formatting papers in a consistent, easily readable, professional way. Most instructors will ask you to follow the guidelines in this style to ensure your writing will be as easy as possible to read. The basics of the Turabian style are easy to follow. Make it plain, simple, and clear. Always include the page number at the top of every page, with running head on every page –a simple help for those looking for reference points. Turabian is the most popular form of referencing. Many academic journals use it, and most students will have to learn how to use it at some point in their education. Turabian works on a 5-paragraph system for referencing, but your introduction must include all of the main elements of the reference plus appendices. The Turabian style is a citation and citation placement system used in many professional writing settings. The system was developed by Stanford University librarian Helen Furman in the early 1900s and published in 1918.

Turabian mainly has two styles: author date-style and Turabian with footnotes.

Author-date style

The Turabian style is a style of citation in which the author’s name, year of publication, or other identifying information is placed at the end of a title or subtitle. For example:

 

Turabian author-date style for books with multiple authors:

In the reference list, highlight up to ten authors if you have four or more; in the text, just the first author should be listed, accompanied by et al. (“and others”). Provide the first seven authors in the reference list, accompanied by et al. if there are more than ten authors.

Turabian author-date style for books with no author:

Insert the supposed author’s name inside brackets with a question mark to show ambiguity [Edgar Allan Poe?] if the author’s name is not explicitly stated in the book but can be inferred. If Anonymous is used, put the document’s title at the top of the note or bibliography entry. Bibliographic Notes (p. 168):

Turabian with footnotes

In the Turabian style, all footnotes are placed at the bottom of each page, regardless of where they appear in the text.

 

For example, if you have a footnote on page two, it should be listed in parentheses at the end of your sentence. If you have a footnote on page five, it should be listed as part of that paragraph.

 

Turabian footnotes are always indented under the text they reference. If a footnote appears in the text and has no connection to that text (for example, if it’s an endnote), then it should be followed by a period and no space before or after it.

When you use footnotes, it’s crucial to have the same format as the rest of your paper. This means you should use a single-spaced font for your footnotes and double-spaced text for everything else on your page.

 

You can put it aside when you’re done with your first draft and return to it later. Don’t start typing yet!

 

There are four basic rules when using footnotes:

 

• Use double-spaced text for both your citations and your text.

 

• Number all citations in sequence, even if they’re from different sources.

 

• Keep track of all numbers in numerical order (1, 2, etc.) so that you know where they belong in the table of contents or reference list.

 

• Make sure all quotations are properly cited with a footnote number at the end of each quotation.

In Turabian style, footnotes go on their line and are indented beneath the text they’re referencing.

In the Turabian style, you are required to use footnotes rather than endnotes. If you want to write your paper in this style, follow these steps:

 

1. Copy the header/footer and insert it at the top of your page, right below the title page.

 

2. Write your name and date on the first page of your paper.

 

3. Start a new page after each footnote and indent with two spaces in front of each paragraph or sentence that refers to that footnote number.

 

4. Write a note at the bottom of each page (including headers and footers) explaining what topic is discussed in that particular note, where you found information (e.g., from another source), and how it is relevant to your argument or point you are trying to make in your paper (i.e., what’s new about it).

 

5. Number all pages consecutively, starting with one for each new section or subsection (excluding tables).

The most common thing to keep in mind when writing in the Turabian style is that all references must be listed in parentheses at the end of the paper and numbered consecutively, except for the references at the beginning of your paper (see example below).

 

Turabian Format Footnotes

 

(1) In-text: “After analyzing…”

 

(2) Reference: After analyzing (1), I found that…

 

(3) Reference: After analyzing (2), I found that…

Turabian style will always use both a colon and a footnote. However, there are two main ways to format footnotes.

 

1. Use a single footnote at the end of your paper. This is the most common way to write footnotes in Turabian style because it is easy to read and understand.

 

2. Add a second footnote at the end of your paper but before the last page to ensure that readers have read all the footnotes before leaving the page (for example, if you want them to remember what you wrote).

 

To format your footnotes using these methods:

 

Include an asterisk (*) after each footnote number as a reminder that there are multiple footnotes on this page.

Footnotes

The footnotes should be placed at the end of your paper, after the references, and before any page breaks. Style your footnotes like this:

 

[1] http://www.example.com/book/chapter-2-section-3.html

 

[2] http://www.example.com/book/chapter-2-section-3.html

 

[3] Ibid., p. 23

 

The reference list should be in alphabetical order and include only the first author’s last name, followed by a period, followed by the page number(s) of each source cited in full (e.g., “Smith, J., & Jones, J.”, p. 23). When citing multiple pages with a single reference number, separate them with semicolons (e.g., Smith, James; Jones, John). If there are no page numbers for your cited sources, write “n/a” instead of a number (e.g., Smith; Jones).

The Turabian style focuses on four key elements: topic sentences, headings, block quotations, and footnotes. Here’s how to format your paper in this style correctly:

 

Topic sentence: The first sentence of each paragraph should be a topic sentence that describes what you’re going to talk about in that paragraph. This helps readers know where they are in your paper so they can easily find their way back to what you were talking about earlier.

 

Heading: A heading for each section of your paper is essential because it gives readers a sense of structure — it tells them what’s coming next and helps guide them through your writing.

 

Block quotations: Block quotations are short excerpts from sources (books or Web pages) that you want to cite but don’t want to include in full on every page of your paper — this saves space and makes reading easier for readers.

 

The basic formatting guidelines for Turabian style are as follows:

 

Headings should be typed in all caps.

 

All quotations should be double-spaced, centered, and indented 1.5 inches from the left margin.

 

All notes, references, and endnotes should be double-spaced and indented 1 inch from the left margin.

 

Do not use italics for headings or titles of books, articles, or chapters in reference lists.

The Turabian style is the most common style in academic writing. It is named after its founder, Henry Caswall, who published his first book on it in 1847. In this article, we will look at the basic guidelines of the Turabian style, including:

 

Headings: Use single-spaced lines and a capital letter for each heading.

 

Conclusions: Use double punctuation to conclude your paper and end with a question mark or exclamation point at the end of your last sentence.

 

Titles: Titles should be capitalized and italicized; they begin with a lowercase letter followed by a colon. After the title comes the subtitle or superscripts, if there are any. A chapter number also precedes the title on an unnumbered page; it is not necessary to include this information on numbered pages.

A basic Turabian style is always the same, but there are a few things to keep in mind.

 

1. The first line of every paragraph should start with an indented line. This will help your readers know where they are in your paper and how it is organized.

 

2. Paragraphs should be no longer than five lines. This helps the reader read through your paper quickly but doesn’t make it seem like you’re trying too hard to cram all the facts into one paragraph.

 

3. Don’t use spaces between sentences in your Turabian-style paper unless it is vital (like when you use quotations). If you do use them, make sure that they are indented one space from each other—this makes it easier to read and understand what is being said without having to stop and think about where each sentence begins and ends each time a new one starts up again later on in the document or another part of the text that comes after it (more about this below).

The Turabian style is a set of guidelines for writing in English. It was developed by the Modern Language Association and is designed to help students develop their writing skills.

 

Turabian style is based on four principles:

 

1. The author-date system of referencing and citation is used (i.e., last name, first name, year).

 

2. Phrases such as “see also” or “comparison with” are not used unless they’re essential to your argument. They can be used to direct readers to related works or sources, but they should never be used to restate your point without adding anything new or different than what was already presented.

 

3. Citations should follow the same format as the text: no quotation marks, no italics, no bolding, etc.

 

4. There should be no italics for titles of books or articles; only for titles of works cited in the text (i.e., “See Smith’s book,” not “Smith’s book”).

Conclusion

The style is named after the great Harvard English professor, William A. F. Turabian, who created it himself in 1918.

 

Turabian style is a system of writing that consists of 16 rules and standards that dictate how you should write your papers (or anything else). The rules are listed below, but if you want to learn more about them, check out the Wikipedia page on Turabian style.

 

Author Date Style

 

The first rule is as follows:

 

The author-date format must be used for all papers written by students and faculty members in courses taught at colleges and universities. This includes journals, dissertations, theses, research reports, books, and other publications.

 

In this rule above, we see that the Turabian style is not just about papers written by students; but also any paper is written by a student or professor at a university. That means it could apply to your resume or even a blog post you write for your job!