The Turabian style is a system for formatting papers in a consistent, easily readable, professional way. Most instructors will ask you to follow the guidelines in this style to ensure your writing will be as easy as possible to read. The basics of the Turabian style are easy to follow. Make it plain, simple, and clear. Always include the page number at the top of every page, with running head on every page –a simple help for those looking for reference points. Turabian is the most popular form of referencing. Many academic journals use it, and most students will have to learn how to use it at some point in their education. Turabian works on a 5-paragraph system for referencing, but your introduction must include all of the main elements of the reference plus appendices. The Turabian style is a citation and citation placement system used in many professional writing settings. The system was developed by Stanford University librarian Helen Furman in the early 1900s and published in 1918.
The Turabian style is a style of citation in which the author’s name, year of publication, or other identifying information is placed at the end of a title or subtitle. For example:
In the reference list, highlight up to ten authors if you have four or more; in the text, just the first author should be listed, accompanied by et al. (“and others”). Provide the first seven authors in the reference list, accompanied by et al. if there are more than ten authors.
Insert the supposed author’s name inside brackets with a question mark to show ambiguity [Edgar Allan Poe?] if the author’s name is not explicitly stated in the book but can be inferred. If Anonymous is used, put the document’s title at the top of the note or bibliography entry. Bibliographic Notes (p. 168):
In the Turabian style, all footnotes are placed at the bottom of each page, regardless of where they appear in the text.
For example, if you have a footnote on page two, it should be listed in parentheses at the end of your sentence. If you have a footnote on page five, it should be listed as part of that paragraph.
Turabian footnotes are always indented under the text they reference. If a footnote appears in the text and has no connection to that text (for example, if it’s an endnote), then it should be followed by a period and no space before or after it.
When you use footnotes, it’s crucial to have the same format as the rest of your paper. This means you should use a single-spaced font for your footnotes and double-spaced text for everything else on your page.
You can put it aside when you’re done with your first draft and return to it later. Don’t start typing yet!
In the Turabian style, you are required to use footnotes rather than endnotes. If you want to write your paper in this style, follow these steps:
The most common thing to keep in mind when writing in the Turabian style is that all references must be listed in parentheses at the end of the paper and numbered consecutively, except for the references at the beginning of your paper (see example below).
Turabian Format Footnotes
(1) In-text: “After analyzing…”
(2) Reference: After analyzing (1), I found that…
(3) Reference: After analyzing (2), I found that…
Turabian style will always use both a colon and a footnote. However, there are two main ways to format footnotes.
To format your footnotes using these methods:
Include an asterisk (*) after each footnote number as a reminder that there are multiple footnotes on this page.
The footnotes should be placed at the end of your paper, after the references, and before any page breaks. Style your footnotes like this:
[1] http://www.example.com/book/chapter-2-section-3.html
[2] http://www.example.com/book/chapter-2-section-3.html
[3] Ibid., p. 23
The reference list should be in alphabetical order and include only the first author’s last name, followed by a period, followed by the page number(s) of each source cited in full (e.g., “Smith, J., & Jones, J.”, p. 23). When citing multiple pages with a single reference number, separate them with semicolons (e.g., Smith, James; Jones, John). If there are no page numbers for your cited sources, write “n/a” instead of a number (e.g., Smith; Jones).
Headings should be typed in all caps.
All quotations should be double-spaced, centered, and indented 1.5 inches from the left margin.
All notes, references, and endnotes should be double-spaced and indented 1 inch from the left margin.
Do not use italics for headings or titles of books, articles, or chapters in reference lists.
The Turabian style is the most common style in academic writing. It is named after its founder, Henry Caswall, who published his first book on it in 1847. In this article, we will look at the basic guidelines of the Turabian style, including:
Titles: Titles should be capitalized and italicized; they begin with a lowercase letter followed by a colon. After the title comes the subtitle or superscripts, if there are any. A chapter number also precedes the title on an unnumbered page; it is not necessary to include this information on numbered pages.
A basic Turabian style is always the same, but there are a few things to keep in mind.
The Turabian style is a set of guidelines for writing in English. It was developed by the Modern Language Association and is designed to help students develop their writing skills.
The style is named after the great Harvard English professor, William A. F. Turabian, who created it himself in 1918.
Turabian style is a system of writing that consists of 16 rules and standards that dictate how you should write your papers (or anything else). The rules are listed below, but if you want to learn more about them, check out the Wikipedia page on Turabian style.
Author Date Style
The first rule is as follows:
The author-date format must be used for all papers written by students and faculty members in courses taught at colleges and universities. This includes journals, dissertations, theses, research reports, books, and other publications.
In this rule above, we see that the Turabian style is not just about papers written by students; but also any paper is written by a student or professor at a university. That means it could apply to your resume or even a blog post you write for your job!